Suggested Readings 

Arnold-Patti, Abby. “The Africana Womanist Rhetoric of Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.” Journal for the History of Rhetoric 26 (Mar 2023): 35–58.

Bacon, Margaret Hope. “‘One Great Bundle of Humanity’: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911).” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 113.1 (Jan 1989): 21-43.

Davis, Hugh. “We Will Be Satisfied with Nothing Less”: The African American Struggle for Equal Rights in the North during Reconstruction. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2011.

DuBois, Ellen Carol. Suffrage: Women’s Long Battle for the Vote. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2020.

DuBois, Ellen Carol. Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women’s Movement in America, 1848–1869. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.

Dudden, Faye E. Fighting Chance: The Struggle Over Woman Suffrage and Black Suffrage in Reconstruction America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Epps, Garrett. Democracy Reborn: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Fight for Equal Rights in Post-Civil War America. New York: Henry Holt, 2007.

Foner, Eric. The Second Founding: How Reconstruction Remade the Constitution. New York: W. W. Norton, 2019.

Free, Laura E. Suffrage Reconstructed: Gender, Race, and Voting Rights in the Civil War Era. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015.

Jones, Martha S. All Bound Up Together: The Woman Question in African American Public Culture, 1830-1900. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.

Jones, Martha S. Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All. New York: Basic Books, 2020.

Logan, Shirely Wilson. “We Are Coming”: The Persuasive Discourse of Nineteenth-Century Black Women. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.

Masur, Kate. Until Justice Be Done: America’s First Civil Rights Movement, From the Revolution to Reconstruction. New York: W. W. Norton, 2021.

McDaneld, Jen. “Harper, Historiography, and the Race/Gender Opposition in Feminism,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 40 (Winter 2015): 393-415.

Newman, Louise Michell. White Women’s Rights: The Racial Origins of Feminism in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

O’Brien, C. C. “‘The White Women All Go for Sex’: Frances Harper on Suffrage, Citizenship, and the Reconstruction South.” African American Review 43 (Winter 2009): 605-620.

Rogers, Melvin L. The Darkened Light of Faith: Race, Democracy, and Freedom in African American Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023.

Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Ordeal of the Reunion: A New History of Reconstruction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.

White, Richard. The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.

Audiovisual Materials

Bays, Ben, Cindy Galliard, Diana Bergemann, and Diana Rathke, dir. Notable Women of Columbus. Columbus Neighborhoods, Season 5: Episode 24, WOSU Public Media. Aired May 02, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFn6BfXHzQU.

“Five Minute Histories: Frances Ellen Harper Park.” Posted December 4, 2024, by Baltimore Heritage. YouTube, 7:09. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilFL8c8zaqc.

“Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Historical Tour.” Posted November 9, 2021, by Opera Philadelphia. YouTube, 17:06. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwGc2OPJJnM.

“‘We Are All Bound Up Together’—Frances Watkins Harper (Reenactment by Ariana DeBose).” Posted March 4, 2020, by The New York Historical. YouTube, 6:01. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VG0IItfc5Qo.

Online Resources

Alexander, Kerri Lee. “Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.” National Women’s History Museum. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/frances-ellen-watkins-harper.

Carlyle, Lois. “Black Women’s Fight for Suffrage.” Atlanta History Center. https://www.atlantahistorycenter.com/blog/black-womens-fight-for-suffrage/.

“Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.” Archives of Women’s Political Communication, Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics at Iowa State University. https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/directory/frances-ellen-watkins-harper/.

“Frances Ellen Watkins Harper.” The Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/frances-ellen-watkins-harper.