Suggested Readings

Branch, Taylor.  Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63.  New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.

Catsam, Derek C.  “Civil Rights.”  In A Companion to John F. Kennedy, edited by Mark J. Selverstone, 540-57.  Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2014.

Clark, E. Culpepper.  The Schoolhouse Door: Segregation’s Last Stand at the University of Alabama.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Dudziak, Mary L.  “Birmingham, Addis Ababa, and the Image of America: International Influence on U.S. Civil Rights Politics in the Kennedy Administration.”  In Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945-1988, edited by Brenda Gayle Plummer, 181-200.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

Goldzwig, Steven R., and George N. Dionisopoulos.  In a Perilous Hour: The Public Address of John F. Kennedy.  Westport: Greenwood Press, 1995.

Lentz, Richard, and Karla K. Gower.  The Opinions of Mankind: Racial Issues, Press, and Propaganda in the Cold War.  Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2010.

Hodgson, Godfrey.  JFK and LBJ: The Last Two Great Presidents.  New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

Hollars, B. J.  Opening the Doors: The Desegregation of the University of Alabama and the Fight for Civil Rights in Tuscaloosa.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2013.

Milkis, Sidney M., and Daniel J. Tichenor.  Rivalry and Reform: Presidents, Social Movements, and the Transformation of American Politics.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019.

Parry-Giles, Shawn J., and Trevor Parry-Giles, eds.  Public Address and Moral Judgment: Critical Studies in Ethical Tensions.  East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2009.

Pauley, Garth E.  The Modern Presidency and Civil Rights: Rhetoric on Race from Roosevelt to Nixon.  College State: Texas A&M University Press, 2001.

Rieder, Jonathan.  “The Day President Kennedy Embraced Civil Rights–and the Story Behind It.”  The Atlantic, June 11, 2013. https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/06/the-day-president-kennedy-embraced-civil-rights-and-the-story-behind-it/276749/

Rosenberg, Jonathan, and Zachary Karabell, eds.  Kennedy, Johnson, and the Quest for Justice: The Civil Rights Tapes.  New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.

Schlesinger, Robert.  “The Story Behind JFK’s 1963 Landmark Civil Rights Speech.”  U.S. News & World Report, June 11, 2013.  https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/robert-schlesinger/2013/06/11/the-story-behind-jfks-1963-landmark-civil-rights-speech

Stern, Mark.  Calculating Visions: Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights.  New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1992.

Sundquist, James L.  Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1968.

U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.  Civil Rights ’63: Report of the United States Commission on Civil Rights.  Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963.

Audio-Visual Materials

Bellows, Susan, dir.  JFK.  The American Experience, PBS.  Aired November 12, 2013.

Crossley, Callie, and James A. DeVinney, dir.  Eyes on the Prize: No Easy Walk.  The American Experience, PBS. Aired February 11, 1987.

DeVinney, James A., dir.  The Kennedys.  The American Experience, PBS.  Aired September 20, 1992.

Drew, Robert, dir.  Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment. 1963; The Kennedy Films of Robert Drew & Associates.  New York: Criterion Collection, 2016.  DVD.

Online Resources

“Integrating the University of Alabama.”  Transcript.  Kennedy Library Forum, November 17, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. https://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/forums/2003-11-17-integrating-the-university-of-alabama.

Kennedy, John F.  Televised Address to the Nation on Civil Rights of June 11, 1963.  Video Recording.  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.  https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/historic-speeches/televised-address-to-the-nation-on-civil-rights.

Kennedy, John F.  President’s News Conference of May 8, 1963.  Audio Recording.  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.  https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKWHA/1963/JFKWHA-181/JFKWHA-181.

Kennedy, John F., Robert F. Kennedy, Burke Marshall, and Theodore Sorensen.  May 20, 1963, Meeting on Civil Rights Legislation.  Audio Recording.  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.  https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/JFKPOF/MTG/JFKPOF-MTG-088-004/JFKPOF-MTG-088-004.

King, Martin Luther, Jr.  Speech at a Mass Meeting in Birmingham, Alabama, on May 12, 1963. Audio Recording.  New York Public Radio Archives.  WNYC.  https://www.wnyc.org/story/dr-martin-luther-king-jr-birmingham-alabama-1963.

“On Kennedy and King.”  Transcript.  Kennedy Library Forum, June 11, 2003.  John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.  https://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/forums/past-forums/transcripts/on-kennedy-and-king.

The American Revolution of ’63, Part 1.  NBC News, September 2, 1963.  C-SPAN Video Library.  https://www.c-span.org/video/?473375-3/the-american-revolution-63-part-1&event=473375&playEvent.

“The Kennedys and the Civil Rights Movement.”  John F. Kennedy National Historical Site, National Park Service.  https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-kennedys-and-civil-rights.htm.

Wallace, George C.  Statement and Proclamation at the University of Alabama on June 11, 1963. Alabama Department of Archives and History. https://digital.archives.alabama.gov/digital/collection/voices/id/2050/rec/1