Readings

Asch, Chris Myers.  The Senator and the Sharecropper: The Freedom Struggles of James O. Eastland and Fannie Lou Hamer.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

Barnett, Bernice McNair.  “Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender, Race, and Class.”  Gender & Society 7 (1993): 162-82.

Beito, David, and Linda Royster Beito.  Black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard’s Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007.

Belfrage, Sally. Freedom Summer. New York: Viking, 1965.

Blackwell, Unita.  Barefootin’: Life Lessons from the Road to Success.  New York: Crown, 1996.

Bond, Julian, and Andrew Lewis, eds.  Gonna Sit at the Welcome Table. 2d ed.  Mason, OH: Thomson, 2002.

Bramlett-Solomon, Sharon.  “Civil Rights Vanguard in the Deep South: Newspaper Portrayal of Fannie Lou Hamer, 1964-1977.”  Journalism Quarterly 68 (1991): 515-521.

Carney Smith, Jessie, ed. Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1993.

Cobb, James C.  The Most Southern Place on Earth: The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Davis, Townsend.  Weary Feet, Rested Souls: A Guided History of the Civil Rights Movement.  New York: Norton, 1998.

DeMuth, Jerry.  “Fannie Lou Hamer: Tired of Being Sick and Tired. The Nation, June 1, 1964, 548-551.

Dittmer, John.  Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

Dollard, John.  Caste and Class in a Southern Town.  New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1937.

Erenrich, Susie, ed.  Freedom is a Constant Struggle: An Anthology of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. Montgomery,AL: Black Belt, 1999.

Evans, Sarah.  Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left.  New York: Vintage, 1979.

Fosl, Catherine.  “Anne Braden, Fannie Lou Hamer, and Rigoberta Menchu: Using Personal Narrative to Build Activist Movements.”  In Telling Stories to Change the World.  Ed., Rickie Solinger, Madeline Fox, and Kayhan Irani.  New York: Routledge, 2008, 217-226.

Forman, James. The Making of Black Revolutionaries. Seattle: Open Hand, 1985.

Glaude Jr., Eddie S. Exodus! Religion, Race, and Nation in Early Nineteenth-Century Black America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Gregg, Richard B.  “The Ego-Function of the Rhetoric of Protest.”  Philosophy & Rhetoric 4 (1971): 71-91.

Griffin-Jeuchter, Kay. “Fannie Lou Hamer: From Sharecropper to Freedom Fighter,” MA Thesis, Sarah Lawrence College, 1990.

Griffin, Farah Jasmine. “DNC Day 4: Remembering Fannie Lou Hamer,” from Conventional Wisdom, National Public Radio Transcript, August 29, 2008. Available Online, www.npr.org/blogs/newsandviews/2008/08/dnc_day_4_remembering_fannie_l.html

Hamer, Fannie Lou.  To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography of Mrs. Fanny [sic] Lou Hamer.  Jackson, MS: KIPCO, 1967.

_____. “It’s In Your Hands.”  In Black Women in White America: A Documentary History.  Ed. Gerda Lerner. New York: Vintage, 1972, 609-614.

Hamlet, Janice D.  “Fannie Lou Hamer: The Unquenchable Spirit of the Civil Rights Movement.”  Journal of Black Studies 26 (1996): 560-576.

Harkey, Ira B.  The Smell of Burning Crosses: An Autobiography of a Mississippi Newspaperman.  Jacksonville, IL: Harris-Wolfe, 1967.

Hogan, Wesley C.  Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC’s Dream for a New America.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

Holland, Endesha Ida Mae.  From the Mississippi Delta.  New York: Lawrence Hill, 1999.

Holsaert, Faith S., Martha Prescod Norman Noonan, Judy Richardson, Betty Garman Robinson, Jean Smith Young, and Dorothy M. Zellner, ed.  Hands on the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.

Houck, Davis W., and Matthew A. Grindy.  Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press.  Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008.

Houck, Davis W., and David E. Dixon, ed.  Rhetoric, Religion, and the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965.  Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2006.

_____, ed.  Woman and the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965.  Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009.

Howard-Pitney, David. The Afro-American Jeremiad: Appeals for Justice in America. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1990.

Irons, Jenny.  “The Shaping of Activist Recruitment and Participation: A Study of Women in the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement.”  Gender & Society 12 (1998): 692-709.

Johnson, Susan.  “Fannie Lou Hamer: Mississippi’s Grassroots Organizer.”  Black Law Journal 2 (1972): 154-162.

Jordan, June.  Fannie Lou Hamer.  New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1972.

King, Edwin. “Go Tell it on the Mountain: A Prophet from the Delta.” Sojourners 11 (1982): 87.

Kling, Susan. Fannie Lou Hamer: A Biography.New York: Women for Racial and Economic Equality, 1979.

Lee, Chana Kai.  For Freedom’s Sake: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

_____.  “Anger, Memory and Personal Power: Fannie Lou Hamer and Civil Rights Leadership.”  In Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement.  Ed., Bettye Collier-Thomas and V. P. Franklin.  New York: New York University Press, 2001, 139-170.

Lewis, Earl M.  “The Negro Voter in Mississippi.”  The Journal of Negro Education 26 (1957): 329-350.

Locke, Mamie E.  “The Role of African-American Women in the Civil Rights and Women’s Movements in Hinds County and Sunflower County, Mississippi.”  Journal of Mississippi History 53 (1991): 229-239.

_____.  “Fannie Lou Hamer and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.” In Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965.  Ed., Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse and Barbara Woods.  Brooklyn, NY: Carlson, 1990, 27-37.

Marsh, Charles.  God’s Long Summer: Stories of Faith and Civil Rights.  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.

McGuire, Danielle L.  “‘It Was like All of Us Had Been Raped’: Sexual Violence, Community Mobilization, and the African American Freedom Struggle.”  The Journal of American History 91 (2004): 906-931.

McMillen, Neil.  Dark Journey: Black Mississippians in the Age of Jim Crow.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

_____.  The Citizens’ Councils: Organized Resistance to the Second Reconstruction, 1954-1964.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971.

Mills, Kay.  This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer.  New York: Plume, 1994.

Moody, Anne.  Coming of Age in Mississippi.  New York: Laurel, 1968.

Moye, J. Todd.  Let the People Decide: Black Freedom and White Resistance Movements in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1945-1986.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

O’Dell, J. H.  “Life in Mississippi: An Interview with Fannie Lou Hamer.”  Freedomways 5 1965: 231-242.

Olson, Lynne.  Freedom’s Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970.  New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Ono, Kent, and John Sloop.  “The Critique of Vernacular Discourse.”  Communication Monographs 62 (1995): 19-46.

Parker Brooks, Maegan.  “Oppositional Ethos: Fannie Lou Hamer and the Vernacular Persona.”  Rhetoric & Public Affairs 15 (2012),  Forthcoming.

Parker Brooks, Maegan, and Davis W. Houck, ed.  The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is.  Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2011.

Payne, Charles M.  I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

Pipes, William Harrison.  Say Amen, Brother!  Old-Time Negro Preaching: A Study in Frustration.  New York: William Frederick, 1951.

Powdermaker, Hortense.  After Freedom: A Cultural Study in the Deep South.  New York: Viking, 1938.

Reagon, Bernice Johnson.  “Women as Culture Carriers in the Civil Rights Movement: Fannie Lou Hamer.”  In Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965.  Ed., Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993, 203-232.

Reed, Linda.  “Fannie Lou Hamer: A New Voice in American Democracy.”  In Mississippi Women: Their Histories, Their Lives.  Ed., Martha H. Swain, Elizabeth Anne Payne and Marjorie Julian Spruill.  Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2003, 249-267.

Robnett, Belinda.  African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization.”  American Journal of Sociology 101 (1996): 1661-1693.

Rubel, David. Fannie Lou Hamer: From Sharecropping to Politics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Silver Burdett, 1990.

Sugarman, Tracy.  Stranger at the Gates: A Summer in Mississippi.  New York: Hill and Wang, 1966.

Watson, Bruce.  Freedom Summer: The Savage Season that Made Mississippi Burn and America a Democracy.  New York: Viking, 2010.

Watters, Pat, and Reese Cleghorn.  Climbing Jacob’s Ladder: The Arrival of Negroes in Southern Politics.  New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1971.

White, Eugene F.  “Anti-Racial Agitation in Politics: James Kimble Vardaman in the Mississippi Gubernatorial Campaign of 1903.”  Journal of Mississippi History 7 (1945): 91-130.

Audio-Visual Materials

Buckley, Bill, and Tracy Sugarman.  Never Turn Back: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer.  Westport, CT: Rediscovery Productions, 1983.

Davenport, Joseph Delbert.  M.F.D.P.  Tallahassee, FL: Manship Films, 2010.

Famous Human Rights Crusaders: Ida B. Wells, Fannie Lou Hamer. Venice, CA: TMW Media Group, 2009.

Fannie Lou Hamer funeral, March 20, 1977, by Jane Petty and Patti Carr Black, Trans Video, Ltd., MP81.2, Tape 1 and 2, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson, Mississippi.

Field, Connie and Marilyn Mulford.  Freedom on My Mind.  Berkeley, CA: Clarity, 1994.

Johnson Reagon, Bernice. Voices of the Civil Rights Movement: Black American Freedom Songs, 1960-1966. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Folkways Recording, 1980.

Lewis, John, Rex Barnett, and Tom Weinberg. Fannie Lou Hamer: Everyday Battle. Atlanta, GA: History on Video, 1999.

Sadoff, Joan, Robert Sadoff, and Laura J. Lipson.  Standing on My Sisters’ Shoulders.  New York: WMM, 2003.

Stewart, Brian, Rex Barnett, and Paula Jowers. Fannie Lou Hamer: Voting Rights Activist. Venice, CA: TMW Media Group, 2009.

On-Line Resources

The Mississippi Sovereignty Commission.  Mississippi Department of Archives and History, http://mdah.state.ms.us/arrec/digital_archives/sovcom/.

Fannie Lou Hamer, Oral History, University of Southern Mississippi, http://digilib.usm.edu/cdm/ref/collection/coh/id/15273.

Fannie Lou Hamer, Testimony before the Democratic National Convention Credentials Committee, August 22, 1964, Atlantic City, New Jersey, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fannielouhamercredentialscommittee.htm.

Fannie Lou Hamer, Speech at a Vietnam War Moratorium Rally in Berkeley, California, 1965[sic]* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t64XsEhRaQI and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELJKuxFtFSo&feature=watch_response.

Repaying Our Ancestors Respectfully, Fannie Lou Hamer Website, http://www.fannielouhamer.info/about.html.

*This speech is mis-cited by Pacifica Archives. It was given in 1969. For correct date and transcription, see: Parker Brooks, Maegan, and Davis W. Houck, ed.  The Speeches of Fannie Lou Hamer: To Tell It Like It Is.  Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2011.

Last updated May 4, 2016