ELLA BAKER, “ADDRESS AT THE HATTIESBURG FREEDOM DAY RALLY” (21 JANUARY 1964)

Readings

Barnett, Bernice McNair. “Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender, Race, and Class.” Gender & Society 7 (1993): 162-82.

Cantarow, Ellen, , Susan Gushee O’Malley, Sharon Hartman Strom, Florence Luscomb, Ella Baker, Jessie Lopez De La Cruz, Moving the Mountain: Women Working for Social Change. Old Westbury, NY: Feminist Press, 1980.

Carey, Mittie K. “The Parallel Rhetorics of Ella Baker.” Southern Communication Journal 79, no. 1 (2014): 27-40.

Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.

Cox, Robert and Christina Foust. “Social Movement Rhetoric.” In Andrea Lunsford, Kirt H. Wilson, and Rosa A. Eberly, eds. The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2008.

Crawford, Vicki L, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941-1965. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.

Davis, Townsend. Weary Feet, Rested Souls: A Guided History of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: Norton, 1998.

DeLaure, Marilyn Bordwell. “Planting Seeds of Change: Ella Baker’s Radical Rhetoric.” Women’s Studies in Communication 31 (2008): 1-28.

Dittmer, John. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

Grant, Joanne. Ella Baker: Freedom Bound. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

Hampton, Henry, Steve Fayer, and Sara Flynn. Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s Through the 1980s. New York: Bantam Books, 1900.

Hogan, Wesley C. Many Minds, One Heart: SNCC’s Dream for a New America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

Holsaert, Faith S., Martha Prescod Norman Noonan, Judy Richardson, Betty Garman Robinson, Jean Smith Young, and Dorothy M. Zellner, ed. Hands on the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.

Houck, Davis W., and David E. Dixon, ed. Rhetoric, Religion, and the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2006.

Jensen, Richard J. and John C. Hammerback. “Working in ‘Quiet Places’: The Community Organizing Rhetoric of Robert Parris Moses.” Howard Journal of Communications 11, no. 1 (2000): 1-18.

King, Mary. Freedom Song. New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Lawson, Steven F. and Charles M. Payne, ed., Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1968. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006.

Lewis, Earl M. “The Negro Voter in Mississippi.” The Journal of Negro Education 26 (1957): 329-350.

Manning, Marable and Leith Mullings ed. Let Nobody Turn us Around: Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal: An African American Anthology. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009.

Marshall, James P. Student Activism and Civil Rights in Mississippi: Protest Politics and the Struggle for Racial Justice, 1960-1965. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.

McGuire, Danielle L. “‘It was like All of Us Had Been Raped’: Sexual Violence, Community Mobilization, and the African American Freedom Struggle.” The Journal of American History, 91 (2004): 906-931.

Miller, Joshua H. “Empowering Communities: Ella Baker’s Decentralized Style and Conversational Eloquence.” Southern Communication Journal 81, no. 3 (2016): 156-167.

Moye, J. Todd. Ella Baker: Community Organizer of the Civil Rights Movement. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2013.

Mueller, Carol. “Ella Baker and the Origins of ‘Participatory Democracy.’” In Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1951-1965. Ed., Vicki L. Crawford, Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods. Bloomington: Indian University Press, 1993, 51-70.

Olson, Lynne. Freedom’s Daughters: The Unsung Heroines of the Civil Rights Movement from 1830 to 1970. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Payne, Charles. “Ella Baker and Models of Social Change.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14, no. 4 (1989): 885-899.

_____. I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

Robnett, Belinda. “African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization.” American Journal of Sociology, 101 (1996): 1661-1693.

Tarrow, Sidney. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

West, Cornel and Christ Buschendorf. Black Prophetic Fire. Boston: Beacon Press, 2014.

Zinn, Howard. SNCC: The New Abolitionists. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.

Audio-Visual Materials

“Civil Rights Movement Leaders.” Take Stock: Images of Change. http://www.takestockphotos.com/imagepages/folioframes.php?FolioID=3#.

Eyes on the Prize. Produced by Henry Hampton of Blackside, Inc. Arlington County, VA: Public Broadcasting Service, 1987. DVD.

FUNDI: The Story of Ella Baker. Directed by Joanne Grant. NY: Icarus Films, 1981. DVD.

“Photo Album.” Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement. http://www.crmvet.org/images/imghome.htm.

On-Line Resources

“About SNCC.” One Peron, One Vote: The Legacy of SNCC and the Fight for Voting Rights. http://onevotesncc.org/.

Baker, Ella. “Bigger Than A Hamburger.” The Southern Patriot, May 1960. http://www.crmvet.org/docs/sncc2.htm.

“Baker, Ella Josephine.” Zinn Education Project. http://zinnedproject.org/materials/baker-ella/.

“Civil Rights History Project.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-rights-history-project/.

“Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive.” The University of Southern Mississippi. http://digilib.usm.edu/crmda.php.

“Cornel West’s Thoughts on Ella Baker.” YouTube, posted by Time, October 9, 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omyQ6P2SCzo.

“Ella Baker Papers, 1959-1965.” Wisconsin Historical Society. http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15932coll2/id/18105/rec/11

“Sovereignty Commission Online.” Mississippi Department of Archives and History. http://mdah.state.ms.us/arrec/digital_archives/sovcom/.

“Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.” Zinn Education Project. https://zinnedproject.org/materials/sncc/.

“Who Was Ella Baker?” Ella Baker Center for Human Rights. http://ellabakercenter.org/about/who-was-ella-baker.