Readings

Aptheker, Bettina. “Woman Suffrage and the Crusade Against Lynching, 1890-1920.” Woman’s Legacy: Essays on Race, Sex, and Class in American History. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982. 

Avery, Rachel Foster, ed. Transactions of the National Council of Women of the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1891. 

Davis, Elizabeth Lindsay. Lifting as They Climb. New York: G. K. Hall, 1996.

Giddings, Paula. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America.New York: Bantam, 1984. 

Harper, Frances.“The Democratic Return to Power—Its Effect?” African Methodist Episcopal Church Review I (1884-1885): 222-225. 

Lauter, Paul. “Is Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Good Enough to Teach?” Legacy: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century American Women Writers 5.1 (Spring 1988): 27-32. 

Logan, Shirley Wilson. We are Coming: The Persuasive Discourse of Nineteenth-Century Black Women. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999. 

Loewenberg, Bert J. and Bogin, Ruth, eds. Black Women in Nineteenth-Century American Life: Their Words, Their Thoughts, Their Feelings. University Park: Pennsylvania University Press, 1976. 

Nero, Charles I. “Oh, What I Think I Must Tell This World!” Oratory and Public Address of African-American Women. Black Women in America. Ed. Kim Marie Vaz. London: Sage, 1995, 261-75.

O’Connor, Lillian. Pioneer Women Orators: Rhetoric in the Ante-Bellum Reform Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1954. 

Phillips, Christopher. Freedom’s Port: The African-American Community of Baltimore, 1790-1860. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

Rydell, Robert W. “The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893: Racist Underpinnings of a Utopian Artifact.” Journal of American Culture 1.2 (Summer 1978): 253-75.

Sterling, Dorothy. We are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Norton, 1984.

Terrell, Mary Church. “Lynching from a Negro’s Point of View.” North American Review 178 (June 1904): 853-868.

Wells, Ida B. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells. Ed. Alfreda M. Duster. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Yellin, Jean Fagin. Women and Sisters: The Antislavery Feminists in American Culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.

Audio-Visual Materials

Burns, Ken, and Lynn Novick. Jazz.Alexandria, VA: PBS Video, 2000. Video Recording.

James, Dante J. Slavery and the Making of America, Vol. 4: “The Challenge of Freedom.” New York: Ambrose Video Recording, 2005. Video Recording. 

Pollak, Ruth. One Woman. One Vote. Alexandria, VA: PBS Video, 1999. Video Recording. 

Taylor, Paul. Reconstruction: The Second Civil War. Alexandria, VA: PBS Video, 2004. Video Recording.

On-Line Resources

Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000, http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/.

Harper, Frances. Chapter XXX, “Friends in Council” (p. 255), Iola Leroy, or, Shadows Uplifted. New York: The Digital Schomburg, The New York Public Library. File number 1997wwm97248.sgm. 1997, http://digilib.nypl.org/dynaweb/digs/wwm97248/. 

“History Matters: The U. S. Survey Course on the Web.” Center for History and New Media, George Mason University, http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5487/.

Interactive Guide to the World’s Columbian Exposition, http://www.expomuseum.com/1893/.

Reed, Christopher Robert. “The Black Presence at ‘White City’: African and African American Participation at the World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, May 1, 1893 October 31, 1893″ Paul V. Galvin Library Digital History Collection. http://columbus.iit.edu/reed2.html. 

“Remarks of Mrs. Julia B. Nelson, of Minnesota.” Report of Hearing before the Committee on Woman Suffrage, January 28, 1896. Votes for Women: Selections from the National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection, 1848-1921, http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/47/v47i08p302-314.pdf.

“The WTCU and the Lynching Controversy.” Teaching Future Historians, http://gildedage.lib.niu.edu/lessonplan1group3. 

The World’s Columbian Exposition. The Chicago Historical Society, http://www.chicagohs.org/history/expo.html.

The World’s Columbian Exposition: Idea, Experience, Aftermath,  http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma96/WCE/legacy.html.

Last updated May 4, 2016